Tvrdoća vode

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Water hardness
• Author: Sara Pršić
• Mentor: Anita Štrkalj (mentor)
• Committee member: Damir Hršak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Anita Štrkalj (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Brnardić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Metallurgy; Sisak
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-25, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Metallurgy

Abstract

Tvrdoća vode u prirodi je uzrokovana otapanjem kalcijevih i magnezijevih soli. Voda koja dopire do pojedinih dijelova Zemlje se razlikuje, te je vrlo važno konstantno kontrolirati njezinu tvrdoću kako bi do potrošača dolazila sukladno propisanim vrijednostima. Tvrda voda stvara probleme u industriji kao i u domaćinstvu jer može izazvati materijalne štete, usporiti industrijske procese ili ih u potpunosti onemogućiti. U ovom radu dan je pregled osnovne podjele tvrdoće vode i procesa omekšavanja. Tvrdoća vode se otklanja omekšavanjem koje se provodi potpuno ili djelomično, u toplim ili hladnim uvjetima. Otklanjanje tvrde vode iz industrije se može provesti dodatkom tvari za omekšavanje, ali i pomoću ionskih izmjenjivača.

Abstract (english)

Hard water is caused by dissolution of calcium and magnesium salts. Water that reaches certain parts of Earth is different. It is important to always control water hardness, so it could reach the consumer in recommended values. Hard water causes problems in industry but as well in households. It can cause material damage, slow down industrial process or stop it all together. In this work it is given the overview of basic water hardness types and ways to soften it. Hard water softens partially or completely in warm or cold environment. Hard water removal in industry can be conducted with softening substances or ion exchanger.

• Keywords: tvrda voda; tipovi tvrdoće vode; omekšavanje; tvari za omekšavanje; ionska izmjena
• Keywords (english): hard water; types of hard water; softening; softening substances; ion exchange
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:115:156841
• Study programme: Title: Metallurgy; specializations in: Metallurgical Engineering, Industrial Ecology; Course: Industrial Ecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka metalurgije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/ prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka metalurgije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-09-27 11:47:16